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* ProcessExecutor – Centralized, secure process spawning service
*
* Provides unified process execution with:
* - Command whitelisting (security)
* - Argument validation (injection prevention)
* - Timeout management (resource protection)
* - Unified logging
* - Test mockability
*/
import { ChildProcess } from "node:child_process";
import { Logger } from "@shared/logger";
import { config } from "../config";
/**
* Extend globalThis for test process tracking
* Note: spawnInstances is an implementation detail for test cleanup support
*/
declare global {
interface Global {
spawnInstances?: ChildProcess[];
}
}
interface ExecutionOptions {
timeout?: number; // ms, 0 = no timeout
detached?: boolean; // process group for killing subprocesses
stdio?: "pipe" | "ignore" | "inherit";
onData?: (data: Buffer) => void; // for stdout/stderr capture
onProcess?: (proc: ChildProcess) => void; // for process lifecycle hooks (tests)
maxOutputBytes?: number; // combined captured raw stdout/stderr bytes
}
/** The process was stopped because it exceeded `maxOutputBytes`; the output captured so far is kept. */
export class ProcessOutputLimitError extends Error {
constructor(readonly maxOutputBytes: number) {
super(`Process output limit exceeded (${maxOutputBytes} bytes)`);
this.name = "ProcessOutputLimitError";
}
}
interface ExecutionResult {
code: number;
stdout?: string;
stderr?: string;
error?: Error;
}
/**
* Whitelist of allowed commands to prevent arbitrary execution
*/
const ALLOWED_COMMANDS: Record<string, { allowedArgs?: RegExp[] }> = {
"docker": {
// Docker command whitelist: allow specific flags and arguments
allowedArgs: [
/^--version$/,
/^--no-color$/,
/^info$/,
/^image$/,
/^inspect$/,
/^run$/,
/^pause$/,
/^unpause$/,
/^[a-z0-9:./-]+$/i, // Image names, paths, config values
/^label=unosim\.owner=[A-Za-z0-9._-]+:\d+$/, // Orphaned sandbox sweep filter
],
},
"arduino-cli": {
// Arduino CLI whitelisting
allowedArgs: [
/^compile$/,
/^--fqbn$/,
/^--build-path$/,
/^arduino:avr:uno$/,
/^[a-zA-Z0-9._\-/]+$/, // Paths and valid arg values
],
},
"g++": {
// g++ is less restricted but still validated
allowedArgs: [
/^-[a-z]+$/i, // Flags like -o, -pthread
/^[a-zA-Z0-9._\-/]+$/, // Paths and filenames
],
},
"echo": {
// echo for testing - allow any args
},
};
/**
* Validate that command is in whitelist and arguments don't contain shell metacharacters
*/
function validateCommand(command: string, args: string[]): void {
// Command must be in whitelist
Iif (!ALLOWED_COMMANDS[command]) {
throw new Error(`Command not whitelisted: ${command}`);
}
const allowedRegexps = ALLOWED_COMMANDS[command].allowedArgs;
if (!allowedRegexps) {
// No restriction for this command
return;
}
// Check each argument against patterns
for (const arg of args) {
let isAllowed = false;
for (const pattern of allowedRegexps) {
if (pattern.test(arg)) {
isAllowed = true;
break;
}
}
if (!isAllowed) {
// Reject suspicious arguments
Iif (/[;&|`$(){}]/.test(arg)) {
throw new Error(`Argument contains shell metacharacters: ${arg}`);
}
}
}
}
export class ProcessExecutor {
private readonly logger = new Logger("ProcessExecutor");
private readonly activeExecutions = new Map<ChildProcess, boolean>();
private stopGeneration = 0;
/**
* Execute a process with strict validation and timeout management
*/
async execute(
command: string,
args: string[],
options: ExecutionOptions = {},
): Promise<ExecutionResult> {
// Validate command and arguments
validateCommand(command, args);
const {
timeout = config.timeouts.processExecutionDefaultMs,
detached = false,
stdio = "pipe",
onData,
onProcess,
maxOutputBytes = config.sandbox.resources.maxOutputBytes,
} = options;
if (!Number.isSafeInteger(maxOutputBytes) || maxOutputBytes < 1) {
throw new RangeError("maxOutputBytes must be a positive safe integer");
}
// Stop also owns requests waiting for the import, before a child exists.
const generation = this.stopGeneration;
// Dynamic import for test mockability
const { spawn } = await import("node:child_process");
if (generation !== this.stopGeneration) {
return { code: -1, error: new Error("Process execution cancelled before spawn") };
}
return new Promise((resolve) => {
let stdout = "";
let stderr = "";
let timedOut = false;
let settled = false;
let activeTimeout: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
let capturedBytes = 0;
let outputError: Error | undefined;
const proc = spawn(command, args, {
stdio: [stdio === "pipe" ? "ignore" : stdio, stdio, stdio],
detached,
shell: false, // Critical security: never use shell
});
this.activeExecutions.set(proc, detached);
const capture = (data: Buffer, stream: "stdout" | "stderr") => {
Iif (settled || outputError || timedOut) return;
const remaining = maxOutputBytes - capturedBytes;
const chunk = data.subarray(0, remaining);
capturedBytes += chunk.byteLength;
if (stream === "stdout") stdout += chunk.toString();
else stderr += chunk.toString();
if (chunk.byteLength > 0 && onData) onData(chunk);
if (data.byteLength > remaining) {
outputError = new ProcessOutputLimitError(maxOutputBytes);
this.signalProcess(proc, detached, "SIGKILL");
}
};
const onStdout = (data: Buffer) => capture(data, "stdout");
const onStderr = (data: Buffer) => capture(data, "stderr");
const cleanup = () => {
settled = true;
if (activeTimeout) clearTimeout(activeTimeout);
activeTimeout = null;
this.activeExecutions.delete(proc);
proc.stdout?.off?.("data", onStdout);
proc.stderr?.off?.("data", onStderr);
};
// Track in global spawnInstances for test cleanup (Vitest pattern)
const spawnInstances = (globalThis as any).spawnInstances as ChildProcess[] | undefined;
Iif (spawnInstances && Array.isArray(spawnInstances)) {
spawnInstances.push(proc);
}
// Allow caller to instrument the process (test mocks)
if (onProcess) {
try {
onProcess(proc);
} catch {}
}
// Capture output
Eif (stdio === "pipe") {
Eif (proc.stdout) {
proc.stdout.on("data", onStdout);
}
Eif (proc.stderr) {
proc.stderr.on("data", onStderr);
}
}
// Set timeout if requested
if (timeout > 0) {
activeTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
timedOut = true;
this.signalProcess(proc, detached, "SIGKILL");
}, timeout);
}
// Handle process completion
proc.on("close", (code: number | null) => {
if (settled) return;
cleanup();
const result: ExecutionResult = {
code: outputError && code === 0 ? 1 : (code ?? -1),
stdout: stdio === "pipe" ? stdout : undefined,
stderr: stdio === "pipe" ? stderr : undefined,
};
if (outputError) {
result.error = outputError;
this.logger.warn(`${command} exceeded its output limit (${maxOutputBytes} bytes)`);
} else if (timedOut) {
result.error = new Error(`Process timeout after ${timeout}ms`);
this.logger.warn(`${command} timed out: ${result.error.message}`);
} else if (code !== 0) {
result.error = new Error(`${command} exit code ${code}`);
this.logger.warn(`${command} failed with exit code ${code} (${Buffer.byteLength(stderr)} stderr bytes)`);
}
resolve(result);
});
proc.on("error", (err: Error) => {
Iif (settled) return;
cleanup();
const errorCode = "code" in err && typeof err.code === "string" ? `, ${err.code}` : "";
this.logger.error(`${command} process error (${err.name}${errorCode})`);
resolve({
code: -1,
error: err,
stdout: stdio === "pipe" ? stdout : undefined,
stderr: stdio === "pipe" ? stderr : undefined,
});
});
});
}
/**
* Signal every execution owned by this executor (for cleanup during stop()).
* Each deadline remains armed until its process finishes.
*/
kill(signal: string | number = "SIGKILL"): void {
this.stopGeneration += 1;
for (const [proc, detached] of this.activeExecutions) {
this.signalProcess(proc, detached, signal);
}
}
private signalProcess(proc: ChildProcess, detached: boolean, signal: string | number): void {
try {
if (detached && proc.pid) process.kill(-proc.pid, signal as NodeJS.Signals);
else proc.kill(signal as NodeJS.Signals);
} catch (err) {
this.logger.warn(`Failed to kill process: ${err}`);
}
}
/**
* Check if a process is currently running
*/
get isBusy(): boolean {
return this.activeExecutions.size > 0;
}
}
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