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import { Logger } from "@shared/logger";
import { config } from "../config";
import { mapWithConcurrency, settleWithin } from "./concurrency";
interface PooledRunner {
runner: SandboxRunner;
inUse: boolean;
resetting: boolean;
quarantined?: boolean;
lastReleasedTime: number;
idleTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null;
}
interface QueueEntry {
resolve: (runner: SandboxRunner) => void;
reject: (error: Error) => void;
timeout: NodeJS.Timeout;
}
export interface SandboxRunnerPoolOptions {
minRunners?: number;
maxRunners?: number;
maxQueueSize?: number;
idleTimeoutMs?: number;
acquireTimeoutMs?: number;
resetTimeoutMs?: number;
shutdownConcurrency?: number;
shutdownStopTimeoutMs?: number;
}
export class SandboxRunnerPool {
private readonly minRunners: number;
private readonly maxRunners: number;
private readonly maxQueueSize: number;
private readonly idleTimeoutMs: number;
private readonly runners: PooledRunner[] = [];
private readonly queue: QueueEntry[] = [];
private readonly logger = new Logger("SandboxRunnerPool");
private readonly acquireTimeoutMs: number;
private readonly resetTimeoutMs: number;
private readonly shutdownConcurrency: number;
private readonly shutdownStopTimeoutMs: number;
private initialized = false;
private shuttingDown = false;
constructor(options: SandboxRunnerPoolOptions = {}) {
this.minRunners = options.minRunners ?? config.sandbox.pool.minRunners;
this.maxRunners = options.maxRunners ?? config.sandbox.pool.maxRunners;
this.maxQueueSize = options.maxQueueSize ?? config.sandbox.pool.maxQueueSize;
this.idleTimeoutMs = options.idleTimeoutMs ?? config.sandbox.pool.idleTimeoutMs;
this.acquireTimeoutMs = options.acquireTimeoutMs ?? config.sandbox.pool.acquireTimeoutMs;
this.resetTimeoutMs = options.resetTimeoutMs ?? config.sandbox.pool.resetTimeoutMs;
this.shutdownConcurrency = options.shutdownConcurrency ?? config.sandbox.pool.shutdownConcurrency;
this.shutdownStopTimeoutMs = options.shutdownStopTimeoutMs ?? config.sandbox.pool.shutdownStopTimeoutMs;
this.logger.info(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Logical simulation capacity: activeMax=${this.maxRunners}, warmFloor=${this.minRunners}, idleTimeout=${this.idleTimeoutMs}ms`,
);
}
async initialize(): Promise<void> {
if (this.initialized) {
return;
}
this.logger.info(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Initializing ${this.minRunners} logical runner instances...`,
);
for (let i = 0; i < this.minRunners; i++) {
const runner = new SandboxRunner();
this.runners.push({
runner,
inUse: false,
resetting: false,
lastReleasedTime: Date.now(),
idleTimer: null,
});
this.logger.debug(`[SandboxRunnerPool] Created warm runner [${i}]`);
}
await Promise.all(this.runners.map(({ runner }) => runner.initialize()));
this.initialized = true;
this.logger.info(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Pool ready with ${this.minRunners} logical runners (simulation max: ${this.maxRunners})`,
);
}
async acquireRunner(signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<SandboxRunner> {
if (!this.initialized) {
throw new Error(
"SandboxRunnerPool not initialized. Call initialize() first.",
);
}
const available = this.runners.find((p) => !p.inUse && !p.resetting);
if (available) {
available.inUse = true;
// Cancel any pending idle-cleanup timer for this runner
if (available.idleTimer !== null) {
clearTimeout(available.idleTimer);
available.idleTimer = null;
}
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Runner acquired (available: ${this.runners.filter((p) => !p.inUse).length}/${this.runners.length})`,
);
return available.runner;
}
// On-demand creation: create a new runner if below maxRunners
if (this.runners.length < this.maxRunners) {
const runner = new SandboxRunner();
this.runners.push({
runner,
inUse: true,
resetting: false,
lastReleasedTime: Date.now(),
idleTimer: null,
});
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] On-demand runner created (total: ${this.runners.length}/${this.maxRunners})`,
);
return runner;
}
if (this.queue.length >= this.maxQueueSize) {
throw new Error(
`SandboxRunnerPool queue full (${this.maxQueueSize} pending). Try again later.`,
);
}
return new Promise<SandboxRunner>((resolve, reject) => {
Iif (signal?.aborted) {
reject(
new Error(
"SandboxRunnerPool: acquire cancelled (client disconnected)",
),
);
return;
}
let entry: QueueEntry;
const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
const index = this.queue.indexOf(entry);
Eif (index !== -1) {
this.queue.splice(index, 1);
}
reject(
new Error(
`SandboxRunnerPool: acquire timeout after ${this.acquireTimeoutMs}ms (queue: ${this.queue.length})`,
),
);
}, this.acquireTimeoutMs);
const onAbort = () => {
const index = this.queue.indexOf(entry);
Eif (index !== -1) {
this.queue.splice(index, 1);
}
clearTimeout(timeout);
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Queued request cancelled by AbortSignal (queue: ${this.queue.length} remaining)`,
);
reject(
new Error(
"SandboxRunnerPool: acquire cancelled (client disconnected)",
),
);
};
if (signal) {
signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
}
entry = { resolve, reject, timeout };
this.queue.push(entry);
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Runner queued (queue length: ${this.queue.length}, at maxRunners: ${this.maxRunners})`,
);
});
}
async releaseRunner(runner: SandboxRunner): Promise<void> {
const pooledRunner = this.runners.find((p) => p.runner === runner);
if (!pooledRunner) {
this.logger.warn(
"[SandboxRunnerPool] Attempt to release unknown runner (ignored)",
);
return;
}
if (!pooledRunner.inUse && !pooledRunner.quarantined) {
this.logger.warn(
"[SandboxRunnerPool] Attempt to release already-released runner (ignored)",
);
return;
}
// Always mark as free FIRST, even if reset hangs — prevents permanent pool deadlock
Iif (pooledRunner.idleTimer !== null) {
clearTimeout(pooledRunner.idleTimer);
pooledRunner.idleTimer = null;
}
pooledRunner.inUse = false;
pooledRunner.quarantined = false;
pooledRunner.resetting = true;
pooledRunner.lastReleasedTime = Date.now();
// Reset with a timeout guard so a stuck runner.stop() cannot block forever
let resetTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
try {
await Promise.race([
runner.resetForReuse(),
new Promise<void>((_, reject) => {
resetTimer = setTimeout(
() => reject(new Error("Runner reset timed out")),
this.resetTimeoutMs,
);
}),
]);
pooledRunner.resetting = false;
} catch (error) {
this.logger.error(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Runner reset failed or timed out: ${error}.`,
);
if (this.recoverFailedReset(pooledRunner)) return;
} finally {
if (resetTimer !== undefined) {
clearTimeout(resetTimer);
}
}
// Find the (possibly replaced) pooled runner for queue dispatch
const currentPooled = this.runners.find(
(p) => p.runner === (pooledRunner.runner ?? runner) || p === pooledRunner,
);
const freeRunner =
currentPooled && !currentPooled.inUse && !currentPooled.resetting
? currentPooled
: this.runners.find((p) => !p.inUse && !p.resetting);
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Runner released and reset (available: ${this.runners.filter((p) => !p.inUse).length}/${this.runners.length})`,
);
if (this.queue.length > 0 && freeRunner) {
const entry = this.queue.shift();
Eif (entry) {
clearTimeout(entry.timeout);
freeRunner.inUse = true;
entry.resolve(freeRunner.runner);
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Queued request granted (queue: ${this.queue.length} remaining)`,
);
}
} else Eif (freeRunner) {
this.scheduleIdleCleanup(freeRunner);
}
}
private recoverFailedReset(pooledRunner: PooledRunner): boolean {
if (pooledRunner.runner.hasPendingContainerCleanup) {
this.quarantineForCleanup(pooledRunner);
return true;
}
// Replace the stuck runner with a fresh one
const index = this.runners.indexOf(pooledRunner);
Eif (index !== -1) {
const freshRunner = new SandboxRunner();
this.runners[index] = {
runner: freshRunner,
inUse: false,
resetting: false,
lastReleasedTime: Date.now(),
idleTimer: null,
};
this.logger.info(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Replaced stuck runner at index ${index} with fresh instance`,
);
}
return false;
}
private quarantineForCleanup(pooledRunner: PooledRunner): void {
// Retain ownership in this bounded slot and retry using the existing
// idle-maintenance interval. Never offer it until reset confirms cleanup.
pooledRunner.quarantined = true;
Iif (this.shuttingDown) return;
pooledRunner.idleTimer = setTimeout(() => {
pooledRunner.idleTimer = null;
void this.releaseRunner(pooledRunner.runner);
}, this.idleTimeoutMs);
pooledRunner.idleTimer.unref();
}
/**
* Schedule idle cleanup for logical runners above the derived warm floor.
* If the runner is re-acquired before the timer fires, the timer is cancelled.
*/
private scheduleIdleCleanup(pooledRunner: PooledRunner): void {
// Only schedule cleanup for runners above the warm floor
const warmRunners = this.runners.slice(0, this.minRunners);
if (warmRunners.includes(pooledRunner)) {
return; // This is a warm runner – never clean it up
}
// Cancel existing timer if any
Iif (pooledRunner.idleTimer !== null) {
clearTimeout(pooledRunner.idleTimer);
}
pooledRunner.idleTimer = setTimeout(() => {
pooledRunner.idleTimer = null;
Iif (pooledRunner.inUse) return; // Reacquired before timer fired
const idx = this.runners.indexOf(pooledRunner);
Eif (idx !== -1) {
this.runners.splice(idx, 1);
this.logger.debug(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] Idle runner removed (total: ${this.runners.length}/${this.maxRunners})`,
);
}
}, this.idleTimeoutMs);
}
getStats() {
const sandboxStatuses = this.runners.map((entry) =>
(entry.runner as SandboxRunner & {
getSandboxStatus?: () => { dockerAvailable: boolean; dockerImageBuilt: boolean };
}).getSandboxStatus?.(),
);
const sandboxReady = config.serverMode !== "docker" ||
(sandboxStatuses.length > 0 && sandboxStatuses.every(
(status) => status?.dockerAvailable && status.dockerImageBuilt,
));
return {
totalRunners: this.runners.length,
minRunners: this.minRunners,
maxRunners: this.maxRunners,
maxQueueSize: this.maxQueueSize,
availableRunners: this.runners.filter((p) => !p.inUse && !p.resetting)
.length,
inUseRunners: this.runners.filter((p) => p.inUse).length,
resettingRunners: this.runners.filter((p) => p.resetting).length,
queuedRequests: this.queue.length,
initialized: this.initialized,
sandboxReady,
};
}
getRunnerIndex(runner: SandboxRunner): number {
return this.runners.findIndex((p) => p.runner === runner);
}
async shutdown(): Promise<void> {
this.shuttingDown = true;
this.logger.info("[SandboxRunnerPool] Shutting down...");
for (const entry of this.queue) {
clearTimeout(entry.timeout);
entry.reject(new Error("SandboxRunnerPool shutting down"));
}
this.queue.length = 0;
// Cancel all idle timers
for (const pooledRunner of this.runners) {
if (pooledRunner.idleTimer !== null) {
clearTimeout(pooledRunner.idleTimer);
pooledRunner.idleTimer = null;
}
}
// Parallel and bounded per runner: sequential docker removals of many
// active simulations would exceed the shutdown deadline, and one hanging
// stop must not hold back the others.
const active = this.runners
.map(({ runner }) => runner)
.filter((runner) => runner.isRunning || runner.hasPendingContainerCleanup);
const settled = await mapWithConcurrency(active, this.shutdownConcurrency, async (runner) => {
const stop = runner.stop().catch((error: unknown) => {
this.logger.warn(`[SandboxRunnerPool] Error stopping runner during shutdown: ${error}`);
});
return settleWithin(stop, this.shutdownStopTimeoutMs);
});
const unfinished = settled.filter((done) => !done).length;
if (unfinished > 0) {
this.logger.warn(
`[SandboxRunnerPool] ${unfinished} runner(s) did not stop within ${this.shutdownStopTimeoutMs}ms during shutdown`,
);
}
this.logger.info("[SandboxRunnerPool] Shutdown complete");
}
}
let poolInstance: SandboxRunnerPool | null = null;
export function getSandboxRunnerPool(): SandboxRunnerPool {
poolInstance ??= new SandboxRunnerPool({
minRunners: config.sandbox.pool.minRunners,
maxRunners: config.sandbox.pool.maxRunners,
idleTimeoutMs: config.sandbox.pool.idleTimeoutMs,
acquireTimeoutMs: config.sandbox.pool.acquireTimeoutMs,
resetTimeoutMs: config.sandbox.pool.resetTimeoutMs,
});
return poolInstance;
}
export async function initializeSandboxRunnerPool(): Promise<void> {
const pool = getSandboxRunnerPool();
await pool.initialize();
}
/** Reset the singleton — test-only, allows re-initialization with new env vars. */
export function _resetPoolSingleton(): void {
if (poolInstance) {
poolInstance.shutdown().catch(() => {});
poolInstance = null;
}
}
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