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// Secure sandbox execution for Arduino sketches using Docker
import { execSync } from "child_process";
import { ProcessController, type IProcessController } from "./process-controller";
import { mkdir, rm } from "fs/promises";
import { existsSync, renameSync, rmSync } from "fs";
import { join } from "path";
import { randomUUID } from "crypto";
import { Logger } from "@shared/logger";
import type { IOPinRecord } from "@shared/schema";
import { ArduinoOutputParser as StderrParser } from "./arduino-output-parser";
import { RegistryManager } from "./registry-manager";
import { SimulationTimeoutManager } from "./simulation-timeout-manager";
import { DockerCommandBuilder } from "./docker-command-builder";
import { SketchFileBuilder } from "./sketch-file-builder";
import { LocalCompiler } from "./local-compiler";
import { PinStateBatcher, type PinStateBatch } from "./pin-state-batcher";
import { SerialOutputBatcher } from "./serial-output-batcher";
enum SimulationState {
STOPPED = "stopped",
STARTING = "starting",
RUNNING = "running",
PAUSED = "paused",
ERROR = "error",
}
// Configuration
const SANDBOX_CONFIG = {
// Docker settings
dockerImage: "arduino-sandbox:latest",
useDocker: false, // Will be set based on availability
// Resource limits
maxMemoryMB: 128, // Max 128MB RAM
maxCpuPercent: 50, // Max 50% of one CPU
maxExecutionTimeSec: 60, // Max 60 seconds runtime
maxOutputBytes: 100 * 1024 * 1024, // Max 100MB output
// Security settings
noNetwork: true, // No network access
readOnlyFs: true, // Read-only filesystem (except /tmp)
dropCapabilities: true, // Drop all Linux capabilities
};
export class SandboxRunner {
// Core state
private state: SimulationState = SimulationState.STOPPED;
private tempDir = join(process.cwd(), "temp");
private processController: IProcessController;
private processKilled = false;
private pauseStartTime: number | null = null;
// Managers and helpers
private logger = new Logger("SandboxRunner");
private stderrParser = new StderrParser();
private registryManager: RegistryManager;
private timeoutManager: SimulationTimeoutManager;
private fileBuilder: SketchFileBuilder;
private localCompiler: LocalCompiler;
private pinStateBatcher: PinStateBatcher | null = null;
private serialOutputBatcher: SerialOutputBatcher | null = null;
// Output buffers
private outputBuffer = "";
private errorBuffer = "";
private totalOutputBytes = 0;
private isSendingOutput = false;
private flushTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
// Execution state
private processStartTime: number | null = null;
private currentSketchDir: string | null = null;
private currentRegistryFile: string | null = null;
private pendingCleanup = false;
private cleanupRetries = new Map<string, number>();
private baudrate = 9600;
private dockerAvailable = false;
private dockerImageBuilt = false;
// Callbacks and message queue
private ioRegistryCallback:
| ((registry: IOPinRecord[], baudrate: number | undefined, reason?: string) => void)
| undefined;
private messageQueue: Array<{ type: string; data: any }> = [];
private onOutputCallback: ((line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void) | null = null;
// Stable callback references for async operations
private outputCallback: ((line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void) | null = null;
private errorCallback: ((line: string) => void) | null = null;
private pinStateCallback: ((pin: number, type: "mode" | "value" | "pwm", value: number) => void) | null = null;
private telemetryCallback: ((metrics: any) => void) | null = null;
// Lazy initialization flags
private dockerChecked = false;
private tempDirCreated = false;
constructor(options?: { tempDir?: string; processController?: IProcessController }) {
// Lightweight constructor - no side effects, no I/O, no blocking
// All heavy initialization happens lazily in ensureDockerChecked() and ensureTempDir()
// Accept injected ProcessController for easier testing / specialization
this.processController = options?.processController ?? new ProcessController();
Iif (options?.tempDir) {
this.tempDir = options.tempDir;
}
// Initialize managers and helpers
this.timeoutManager = new SimulationTimeoutManager();
this.fileBuilder = new SketchFileBuilder(this.tempDir);
this.localCompiler = new LocalCompiler();
// Initialize registry manager with arrow function callback for correct 'this' binding
this.registryManager = new RegistryManager({
onUpdate: (registry, baudrate, reason) => {
// Forward to WebSocket callback if set
if (this.ioRegistryCallback) {
this.ioRegistryCallback(registry, baudrate, reason);
}
// Flush queued messages after first registry send
this.flushMessageQueue();
},
onTelemetry: (metrics) => {
// Forward telemetry metrics to dedicated telemetry callback (not to serial output)
Iif (this.telemetryCallback) {
this.telemetryCallback(metrics);
}
},
enableTelemetry: true,
});
}
get isRunning(): boolean {
return (
this.state === SimulationState.STARTING ||
this.state === SimulationState.RUNNING ||
this.state === SimulationState.PAUSED
);
}
get isPaused(): boolean {
return this.state === SimulationState.PAUSED;
}
get simulationState(): SimulationState {
return this.state;
}
private transitionTo(newState: SimulationState): boolean {
const oldState = this.state;
if (oldState === newState) {
return true;
}
const validTransitions: Record<SimulationState, SimulationState[]> = {
[SimulationState.STOPPED]: [
SimulationState.STARTING,
SimulationState.ERROR,
],
[SimulationState.STARTING]: [
SimulationState.RUNNING,
SimulationState.ERROR,
SimulationState.STOPPED,
],
[SimulationState.RUNNING]: [
SimulationState.PAUSED,
SimulationState.STOPPED,
SimulationState.ERROR,
],
[SimulationState.PAUSED]: [
SimulationState.RUNNING,
SimulationState.STOPPED,
SimulationState.ERROR,
],
[SimulationState.ERROR]: [SimulationState.STOPPED],
};
Iif (!validTransitions[oldState]?.includes(newState)) {
this.logger.warn(
`Invalid state transition: ${oldState} -> ${newState}`,
);
return false;
}
this.handleStateExit(oldState, newState);
this.state = newState;
this.handleStateEnter(newState, oldState);
return true;
}
private handleStateExit(
state: SimulationState,
nextState: SimulationState,
): void {
switch (state) {
case SimulationState.RUNNING:
if (nextState === SimulationState.PAUSED) {
// Freeze timeout clock
this.timeoutManager.pause();
E} else if (nextState === SimulationState.STOPPED) {
// CRITICAL: Clear timeout to prevent zombie timer
this.timeoutManager.clear();
}
break;
case SimulationState.PAUSED:
if (nextState === SimulationState.STOPPED) {
// CRITICAL: Clear paused timeout
this.timeoutManager.clear();
}
this.pauseStartTime = null;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private handleStateEnter(
state: SimulationState,
previousState: SimulationState,
): void {
switch (state) {
case SimulationState.STARTING:
this.pauseStartTime = null;
break;
case SimulationState.RUNNING:
if (previousState === SimulationState.PAUSED) {
// Resume timeout clock with remaining time
this.timeoutManager.resume();
}
break;
case SimulationState.PAUSED:
this.pauseStartTime = Date.now();
// Timeout manager already paused in handleStateExit
break;
case SimulationState.STOPPED:
this.pauseStartTime = null;
// Double-check: ensure no timers remain
this.timeoutManager.clear();
break;
case SimulationState.ERROR:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// Flush queued messages after registry has been sent
private flushMessageQueue(): void {
Eif (this.messageQueue.length === 0) {
return;
}
this.logger.debug(
`[Registry] Flushing ${this.messageQueue.length} queued messages`,
);
const queue = this.messageQueue;
this.messageQueue = [];
// Re-emit all queued messages in order using stable instance callbacks
for (const msg of queue) {
if (msg.type === "pinState" && this.pinStateCallback) {
this.pinStateCallback(msg.data.pin, msg.data.stateType, msg.data.value);
} else if (msg.type === "output" && this.outputCallback) {
this.outputCallback(msg.data.line, msg.data.isComplete);
} else if (msg.type === "error" && this.errorCallback) {
this.errorCallback(msg.data.line);
}
}
}
/**
* Lazy initialization: Check Docker availability only when needed
* This prevents blocking the constructor and freezing tests
*/
private ensureDockerChecked(): void {
if (this.dockerChecked) {
return; // Already checked
}
this.dockerChecked = true;
this.checkDockerAvailability();
}
/**
* Check if Docker is available and the sandbox image is built
*/
private checkDockerAvailability(): void {
try {
// Check if docker command exists AND daemon is running
execSync("docker --version", { stdio: "pipe", timeout: 2000 });
// Test if Docker daemon is actually running by pinging it
execSync("docker info", { stdio: "pipe", timeout: 2000 });
this.dockerAvailable = true;
this.logger.info("✅ Docker daemon running — Sandbox mode enabled");
// Check if our sandbox image exists
try {
execSync(`docker image inspect ${SANDBOX_CONFIG.dockerImage}`, {
stdio: "pipe",
timeout: 2000,
});
this.dockerImageBuilt = true;
this.logger.info("✅ Sandbox Docker Image gefunden");
} catch {
this.dockerImageBuilt = false;
this.logger.warn(
"⚠️ Sandbox Docker image not found — run 'npm run build:sandbox'",
);
}
} catch {
this.dockerAvailable = false;
this.dockerImageBuilt = false;
this.logger.warn(
"⚠️ Docker not available or daemon not started — falling back to local execution",
);
}
}
/**
* Lazy initialization: Create temp directory only when needed
* This prevents async operations in the constructor
*/
private async ensureTempDir(): Promise<void> {
if (this.tempDirCreated) {
return; // Already created
}
this.tempDirCreated = true;
try {
await mkdir(this.tempDir, { recursive: true });
} catch (err) {
this.logger.warn(
`Temp directory creation failed: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`
);
// Don't throw - let the actual file operations fail later if needed
}
}
// Note: Duplicate flushMessageQueue removed - using single implementation above
async runSketch(
code: string,
onOutput: (line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void,
onError: (line: string) => void,
onExit: (code: number | null) => void,
onCompileError?: (error: string) => void,
onCompileSuccess?: () => void,
onPinState?: (
pin: number,
type: "mode" | "value" | "pwm",
value: number,
) => void,
timeoutSec?: number,
onIORegistry?: (registry: IOPinRecord[], baudrate: number | undefined, reason?: string) => void,
onTelemetry?: (metrics: any) => void,
onPinStateBatch?: (batch: PinStateBatch) => void,
) {
// Lazy initialization: ensure Docker is checked and temp directory exists
this.ensureDockerChecked();
await this.ensureTempDir();
Iif (!this.transitionTo(SimulationState.STARTING)) {
this.logger.warn(
`runSketch ignored - invalid state: ${this.state}`,
);
return;
}
// Clear pending cleanup for a fresh run
this.pendingCleanup = false;
// Create and start PinStateBatcher for this simulation run
this.pinStateBatcher = new PinStateBatcher({
tickIntervalMs: 50, // 20 batches/sec
onBatch: (batch: PinStateBatch) => {
// Queue pin states until registry is synchronized
if (this.registryManager.isWaiting()) {
for (const state of batch.states) {
this.messageQueue.push({
type: "pinState",
data: { pin: state.pin, stateType: state.stateType, value: state.value },
});
}
} else if (onPinStateBatch) {
// Send batch as a single pin_state_batch message
onPinStateBatch(batch);
} else if (onPinState) {
// Fallback: Send each pin state individually for backward compatibility
for (const state of batch.states) {
onPinState(state.pin, state.stateType, state.value);
}
}
},
});
this.pinStateBatcher.start();
// Give RegistryManager reference to PinStateBatcher for telemetry
this.registryManager.setPinStateBatcher(this.pinStateBatcher);
// Bind callbacks to instance BEFORE initializeRunState (which also sets onOutputCallback)
this.outputCallback = onOutput;
this.errorCallback = onError;
this.pinStateCallback = onPinState || null;
this.telemetryCallback = onTelemetry || null;
// Initialize run state (will also set this.onOutputCallback and this.ioRegistryCallback)
this.initializeRunState(code, onOutput, onIORegistry, timeoutSec);
// Create and start SerialOutputBatcher for this simulation run
this.serialOutputBatcher = new SerialOutputBatcher({
baudrate: this.baudrate,
tickIntervalMs: 50, // 20 batches/sec (matching PinStateBatcher)
onChunk: (data: string, firstLineIncomplete?: boolean) => {
// Capture stable reference and ensure it's callable to avoid race conditions
const out = this.outputCallback;
Iif (typeof out !== 'function') return;
// Split batched data by newlines to preserve Serial.print() vs println() semantics.
// Data from Serial.println() contains trailing \n, Serial.print() does not.
// Each part before a \n is a complete line; the trailing part (if any) is incomplete.
const endsWithNewline = data.endsWith('\n');
const parts = data.split('\n');
for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
const isLastPart = i === parts.length - 1;
if (isLastPart && endsWithNewline) {
// Trailing empty string from split("...\n") — already handled by previous part
break;
}
// Parts before the last had a \n after them → complete lines.
// BUT: if firstLineIncomplete=true and this is the first part (i==0),
// it's a truncated fragment from a drop, so mark as incomplete.
const isComplete = !isLastPart && !(i === 0 && firstLineIncomplete);
out(parts[i], isComplete);
}
},
});
this.serialOutputBatcher.start();
// Give RegistryManager reference to SerialOutputBatcher for telemetry
this.registryManager.setSerialOutputBatcher(this.serialOutputBatcher);
const sketchId = randomUUID();
try {
// Build sketch files using helper
const files = await this.fileBuilder.build(code, sketchId);
this.currentSketchDir = files.sketchDir;
this.processKilled = false;
// If stop() was called during startup, cleanup and exit early
Iif (this.pendingCleanup || this.processKilled || this.state === SimulationState.STOPPED) {
this.markTempDirForCleanup();
return;
}
// Create wrapped callbacks for message queuing
const wrapped = this.createWrappedCallbacks(onOutput, onError, onPinState);
// Choose execution path
const executionTimeout =
timeoutSec !== undefined ? timeoutSec : SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxExecutionTimeSec;
if (this.dockerAvailable && this.dockerImageBuilt) {
await this.runInDocker(
files,
wrapped,
onCompileError,
onCompileSuccess,
onExit,
executionTimeout,
);
} else {
await this.runLocally(
files,
wrapped,
onCompileError,
onCompileSuccess,
onExit,
executionTimeout,
);
}
} catch (err) {
const errorMessage = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
this.logger.error(`Kompilierfehler oder Timeout: ${errorMessage}`);
// Call onCompileError if provided (for test promise resolution)
if (onCompileError) {
onCompileError(errorMessage);
}
// Always call onExit to ensure promises resolve
if (onExit) {
onExit(-1);
}
// Ensure any underlying process streams are destroyed
this.processController.destroySockets();
// Cleanup on error
try {
await rm(this.currentSketchDir!, { recursive: true, force: true });
} catch {
this.logger.warn(`Could not delete temp directory: ${this.currentSketchDir}`);
}
}
}
/**
* Initialize run state for a new sketch execution
*/
private initializeRunState(
code: string,
onOutput: (line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void,
onIORegistry?: (registry: IOPinRecord[], baudrate: number | undefined, reason?: string) => void,
timeoutSec?: number,
): void {
// Parse baudrate from code
const baudMatch = code.match(/Serial\s*\.\s*begin\s*\(\s*(\d+)\s*\)/);
this.baudrate = baudMatch ? parseInt(baudMatch[1]) : 9600;
const executionTimeout =
timeoutSec !== undefined ? timeoutSec : SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxExecutionTimeSec;
this.logger.info(
`🕐 runSketch called with timeoutSec=${timeoutSec}, using executionTimeout=${executionTimeout}s`,
);
this.logger.info(`Parsed baudrate: ${this.baudrate}`);
// Reset state
this.pauseStartTime = null;
this.registryManager.reset();
this.registryManager.setBaudrate(this.baudrate);
this.registryManager.enableWaitMode(300); // Reduced from 1500ms to 300ms - faster serial output
this.messageQueue = [];
this.outputBuffer = "";
this.errorBuffer = "";
this.isSendingOutput = false;
this.totalOutputBytes = 0;
this.onOutputCallback = onOutput;
this.ioRegistryCallback = onIORegistry;
}
/**
* Create wrapped callbacks that queue messages while waiting for registry
* Uses stable instance callbacks (this.outputCallback etc.) for async playback
*/
private createWrappedCallbacks(
onOutput: (line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void,
onError: (line: string) => void,
onPinState?: (
pin: number,
type: "mode" | "value" | "pwm",
value: number,
) => void,
) {
return {
onOutput: (line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => {
// Filter out SIM_TELEMETRY markers and handle them separately
if (typeof line === "string" && line.startsWith("[[SIM_TELEMETRY:") && line.endsWith("]]")) {
// Extract JSON from the marker
try {
const jsonStr = line.slice("[[SIM_TELEMETRY:".length, -2);
const metrics = JSON.parse(jsonStr);
// Send to telemetry callback instead of serial output
if (this.telemetryCallback) {
this.telemetryCallback(metrics);
}
return; // Don't output to serial stream
} catch (err) {
// If parsing fails, fall through to normal output
this.logger.warn(`Failed to parse telemetry marker: ${err}`);
}
}
// Serial output should be batched via SerialOutputBatcher
// This applies baudrate-based rate limiting and collects telemetry
if (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
// Send to batcher for rate-limiting and batching
this.serialOutputBatcher.enqueue(line);
} else if (onOutput && !this.processKilled) {
// Fallback if batcher not available (shouldn't happen in normal flow)
// Guard: discard data from OS pipe buffer after stop() killed the process
onOutput(line, isComplete);
}
},
onPinState: (
pin: number,
stateType: "mode" | "value" | "pwm",
value: number,
) => {
// Pin states are queued until registry is synchronized
if (this.registryManager.isWaiting()) {
this.messageQueue.push({
type: "pinState",
data: { pin, stateType, value },
});
E} else if (onPinState) {
onPinState(pin, stateType, value);
}
},
onError: (line: string) => {
// Errors are sent immediately (not registry-dependent)
Eif (onError) {
onError(line);
}
},
};
}
/**
* Run sketch in Docker sandbox
*/
private async runInDocker(
files: { sketchDir: string; sketchFile: string; exeFile: string },
callbacks: any,
onCompileError?: (error: string) => void,
onCompileSuccess?: () => void,
onExit?: (code: number | null) => void,
executionTimeout?: number,
): Promise<void> {
const dockerArgs = DockerCommandBuilder.buildSecureRunCommand({
sketchDir: files.sketchDir,
memoryMB: SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxMemoryMB,
cpuLimit: "0.5",
pidsLimit: 50,
imageName: SANDBOX_CONFIG.dockerImage,
command: DockerCommandBuilder.buildCompileAndRunCommand(),
});
this.processController.spawn("docker", dockerArgs);
this.logger.info("🚀 Docker: Compile + Run in single container");
this.processStartTime = Date.now();
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.RUNNING);
this.setupDockerHandlers(
callbacks,
onCompileError,
onCompileSuccess,
onExit,
executionTimeout || SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxExecutionTimeSec,
);
}
/**
* Run sketch locally (fallback when Docker unavailable)
*/
private async runLocally(
files: { sketchDir: string; sketchFile: string; exeFile: string },
callbacks: any,
onCompileError?: (error: string) => void,
onCompileSuccess?: () => void,
onExit?: (code: number | null) => void,
executionTimeout?: number,
): Promise<void> {
try {
// Compile using LocalCompiler
await this.localCompiler.compile(files.sketchFile, files.exeFile);
if (onCompileSuccess) {
onCompileSuccess();
}
// Make executable
await this.localCompiler.makeExecutable(files.exeFile);
// If stop() was called during compilation, cleanup and exit early
Iif (this.pendingCleanup || this.processKilled || this.state === SimulationState.STOPPED) {
this.markTempDirForCleanup();
return;
}
// Run the compiled executable via ProcessController
this.processController.spawn(files.exeFile);
this.processStartTime = Date.now();
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.RUNNING);
this.setupLocalHandlers(
callbacks,
onExit,
executionTimeout || SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxExecutionTimeSec,
);
} catch (err) {
Eif (onCompileError) {
onCompileError(err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err));
}
Eif (onExit) {
onExit(-1);
}
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.STOPPED);
this.processController.destroySockets();
this.markTempDirForCleanup();
return;
}
}
/**
* Setup handlers for Docker process (combined compile + run)
*/
private setupDockerHandlers(
callbacks: any,
onCompileError?: (error: string) => void,
onCompileSuccess?: () => void,
onExit?: (code: number | null) => void,
executionTimeout?: number,
): void {
let compileErrorBuffer = "";
let isCompilePhase = true;
let compileSuccessSent = false;
// Setup timeout
const handleTimeout = () => {
// Ask controller to kill underlying process (no-op if none)
this.processController.kill("SIGKILL");
callbacks.onOutput(`--- Simulation timeout (${executionTimeout}s) ---`, true);
this.logger.info(`Docker timeout after ${executionTimeout}s`);
};
this.timeoutManager.schedule(
executionTimeout && executionTimeout > 0 ? executionTimeout * 1000 : null,
handleTimeout,
);
// Error handler -> wired through ProcessController
this.processController.onError((err) => {
this.logger.error(`Docker process error: ${err.message}`);
callbacks.onError(`Docker process failed: ${err.message}`);
});
// Stdout: Not used for serial data anymore (all via stderr SERIAL_EVENT)
// Keep handler to prevent broken pipe errors, detect end of compilation
this.processController.onStdout((data) => {
const str = data.toString();
Eif (isCompilePhase) {
isCompilePhase = false;
Iif (!compileSuccessSent && onCompileSuccess) {
compileSuccessSent = true;
onCompileSuccess();
}
}
this.totalOutputBytes += str.length;
if (this.totalOutputBytes > SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxOutputBytes) {
this.stop();
callbacks.onError("Output size limit exceeded");
return;
}
// Ignore stdout - serial data comes via stderr SERIAL_EVENT protocol
});
// Stderr handler (compile errors + debug output)
this.processController.onStderr((data) => {
const str = data.toString();
Eif (isCompilePhase) {
compileErrorBuffer += str;
}
this.errorBuffer += str;
const lines = this.errorBuffer.split(/\r?\n/);
this.errorBuffer = lines.pop() || "";
lines.forEach((line) => {
Iif (line.length === 0) return;
const parsed = this.stderrParser.parseStderrLine(line, this.processStartTime);
this.handleParsedLine(parsed, callbacks.onPinState, callbacks.onOutput, callbacks.onError);
});
Iif (this.errorBuffer.length > 0) {
this.scheduleErrorFlush(callbacks.onError, callbacks.onPinState);
}
});
// Close handler wired via ProcessController
this.processController.onClose((code) => {
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.STOPPED);
Iif (this.flushTimer) {
clearTimeout(this.flushTimer);
this.flushTimer = null;
}
// CRITICAL: Flush message queue before exit to prevent losing queued output
// Messages may be queued if sketch exits before registry wait mode timeout
this.flushMessageQueue();
// CRITICAL: Stop batchers to flush pending data before exit
// Only stop batchers when RUN phase exits, not during compile phase
// SerialOutputBatcher and PinStateBatcher may have pending data when sketch exits
if (!isCompilePhase) {
if (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
this.serialOutputBatcher.stop();
this.serialOutputBatcher.destroy();
this.serialOutputBatcher = null;
}
if (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.stop();
this.pinStateBatcher.destroy();
this.pinStateBatcher = null;
}
}
if (code !== 0 && isCompilePhase && compileErrorBuffer && onCompileError) {
onCompileError(this.cleanCompilerErrors(compileErrorBuffer));
} else {
Iif (code === 0 && !compileSuccessSent && onCompileSuccess) {
compileSuccessSent = true;
onCompileSuccess();
}
}
if (!this.processKilled && onExit) onExit(code);
this.markTempDirForCleanup();
});
}
/**
* Setup handlers for local process execution
*/
private setupLocalHandlers(
callbacks: any,
onExit?: (code: number | null) => void,
executionTimeout?: number,
): void {
// Similar to Docker but without compile phase
const handleTimeout = () => {
this.processController.kill("SIGKILL");
callbacks.onOutput(`--- Simulation timeout (${executionTimeout}s) ---`, true);
};
this.timeoutManager.schedule(
executionTimeout && executionTimeout > 0 ? executionTimeout * 1000 : null,
handleTimeout,
);
// Stdout: Not used for serial data (all via stderr)
this.processController.onStdout((data) => {
const str = data.toString();
this.totalOutputBytes += str.length;
if (this.totalOutputBytes > SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxOutputBytes) {
this.stop();
callbacks.onError("Output size limit exceeded");
return;
}
// Ignore stdout - serial data comes via stderr SERIAL_EVENT protocol
});
this.processController.onStderr((data) => {
const str = data.toString();
this.errorBuffer += str;
const lines = this.errorBuffer.split(/\r?\n/);
this.errorBuffer = lines.pop() || "";
lines.forEach((line) => {
Iif (line.length === 0) return;
const parsed = this.stderrParser.parseStderrLine(line, this.processStartTime);
this.handleParsedLine(parsed, callbacks.onPinState, callbacks.onOutput, callbacks.onError);
});
});
this.processController.onClose((code) => {
const wasRunning = this.state === SimulationState.RUNNING;
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.STOPPED);
Iif (this.flushTimer) {
clearTimeout(this.flushTimer);
this.flushTimer = null;
}
// CRITICAL: Flush message queue before exit to prevent losing queued output
this.flushMessageQueue();
// CRITICAL: Flush and stop batchers to prevent data loss
// Only stop batchers if we were actually RUNNING (not during mock test setup)
// In mock tests, close fires during setup before state reaches RUNNING
if (wasRunning) {
Eif (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
this.serialOutputBatcher.stop(); // Flushes pending data
this.serialOutputBatcher.destroy(); // Cleans up timer
this.serialOutputBatcher = null;
}
Eif (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.stop(); // Flushes pending states
this.pinStateBatcher.destroy(); // Cleans up timer
this.pinStateBatcher = null;
}
}
if (this.ioRegistryCallback) {
const finalRegistry = this.registryManager.getRegistry();
if (finalRegistry.length > 0) {
this.ioRegistryCallback([...finalRegistry], this.baudrate, "process-exit");
}
}
if (!this.processKilled && onExit) onExit(code);
this.markTempDirForCleanup();
});
}
/**
* Handle a parsed stderr line (common logic for both Docker and local)
*/
private handleParsedLine(
parsed: any,
onPinState?: (pin: number, type: "mode" | "value" | "pwm", value: number) => void,
onOutput?: (line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void,
onError?: (line: string) => void,
): void {
switch (parsed.type) {
case "registry_start":
this.registryManager.startCollection();
break;
case "registry_end":
this.registryManager.finishCollection();
break;
case "registry_pin":
this.registryManager.addPin(parsed.pinRecord);
break;
case "pin_mode":
this.registryManager.updatePinMode(parsed.pin, parsed.mode);
if (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.enqueue(parsed.pin, "mode", parsed.mode);
} else if (onPinState) {
// Fallback if batcher not initialized
onPinState(parsed.pin, "mode", parsed.mode);
}
break;
case "pin_value":
Iif (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.enqueue(parsed.pin, "value", parsed.value);
E} else if (onPinState) {
// Fallback if batcher not initialized
onPinState(parsed.pin, "value", parsed.value);
}
break;
case "pin_pwm":
if (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.enqueue(parsed.pin, "pwm", parsed.value);
} else if (onPinState) {
// Fallback if batcher not initialized
onPinState(parsed.pin, "pwm", parsed.value);
}
break;
case "serial_event":
// Route through SerialOutputBatcher for baudrate-based rate limiting
if (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
this.serialOutputBatcher.enqueue(parsed.data);
E} else if (onOutput) {
// Fallback if batcher not initialized (should not happen in normal flow)
onOutput(parsed.data, true);
}
break;
case "ignored":
// Debug markers - do nothing
break;
case "text":
Eif (onError) {
this.logger.warn(`[STDERR]: ${parsed.line}`);
onError(parsed.line);
}
break;
}
}
// Remove old compileAndRunInDocker method below
// Continue to next method
pause(): boolean {
// Guard: can only pause from RUNNING state
if (this.state !== SimulationState.RUNNING || !this.processController.hasProcess()) {
return false;
}
// Transition first to update pauseStartTime and pause timeout clock
Iif (!this.transitionTo(SimulationState.PAUSED)) {
return false;
}
try {
// Pause PinStateBatcher (stops ticking, keeps pending states)
Eif (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.pause();
}
// Pause SerialOutputBatcher (stops ticking, keeps pending data)
Eif (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
this.serialOutputBatcher.pause();
}
// Stop telemetry reporting while paused (no need to send data)
this.registryManager.pauseTelemetry();
// Send pause command to freeze timing in C++ (stdin write + SIGSTOP)
Eif (!this.processKilled) {
this.processController.writeStdin("[[PAUSE_TIME]]\n");
}
// Note: SIGSTOP is sent immediately after PAUSE_TIME. This can cause a race
// condition where C++ is frozen mid-write of TIME_FROZEN message, resulting
// in protocol fragments. The ArduinoOutputParser handles these fragments by
// detecting and ignoring incomplete protocol messages like "]]".
this.processController.kill("SIGSTOP");
this.logger.info("Simulation paused (SIGSTOP)");
return true;
} catch (err) {
this.logger.error(
`Failed to pause simulation: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
);
// Rollback state on failure
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.RUNNING);
return false;
}
}
resume(): boolean {
// Guard: can only resume from PAUSED state
if (this.state !== SimulationState.PAUSED || !this.processController.hasProcess()) {
return false;
}
try {
// Calculate pause duration before transition clears pauseStartTime
const pauseDuration = Date.now() - (this.pauseStartTime || Date.now());
// Send resume command with pause duration to adjust timing offset in C++
if (!this.processKilled) {
this.processController.writeStdin(`[[RESUME_TIME:${pauseDuration}]]\n`);
}
this.processController.kill("SIGCONT");
// Transition state (this clears pauseStartTime and resumes timeout clock)
Iif (!this.transitionTo(SimulationState.RUNNING)) {
return false;
}
// Resume PinStateBatcher
Eif (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.resume();
}
// Resume SerialOutputBatcher
Eif (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
this.serialOutputBatcher.resume();
}
// Resume telemetry reporting
this.registryManager.resumeTelemetry();
this.logger.info(`Simulation resumed after ${pauseDuration}ms pause (SIGCONT)`);
// Send a newline to stdin to wake up any blocked read() calls
// This ensures the C++ process processes any buffered stdin data
// Note: Use processKilled instead of process.killed since killed is true after any signal
Eif (!this.processKilled) {
this.processController.writeStdin("\n");
}
// Restart output processing if there's buffered data and callback is available
Iif (this.outputBuffer.length > 0 && this.onOutputCallback && !this.isSendingOutput) {
this.sendOutputWithDelay(this.onOutputCallback);
}
return true;
} catch (err) {
this.logger.error(
`Failed to resume simulation: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
);
// Rollback to paused state on failure
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.PAUSED);
return false;
}
}
isPausedState(): boolean {
return this.isPaused;
}
private cleanCompilerErrors(errors: string): string {
// Remove full paths from error messages
return errors
.replace(/\/sandbox\/sketch\.cpp/g, "sketch.ino")
.replace(/\/[^\s:]+\/temp\/[a-f0-9-]+\/sketch\.cpp/gi, "sketch.ino")
.trim();
}
sendSerialInput(input: string) {
this.logger.debug(`Serial Input im Runner angekommen: ${input}`);
// Note: Use processKilled instead of process.killed since killed is true after any signal (including SIGSTOP/SIGCONT)
if (this.isRunning && !this.isPaused && this.processController.hasProcess() && !this.processKilled) {
this.processController.writeStdin(input + "\n");
this.logger.debug(`Serial Input an Sketch gesendet: ${input}`);
} else E{
this.logger.warn(
"Simulator is not running or is paused — serial input ignored",
);
}
}
setRegistryFile(filePath: string) {
this.currentRegistryFile = filePath;
}
getSketchDir(): string | null {
return this.currentSketchDir;
}
private markRegistryForCleanup() {
Iif (this.currentRegistryFile && existsSync(this.currentRegistryFile)) {
try {
// Rename .pending.json to .cleanup.json
const cleanupFile = this.currentRegistryFile.replace(
".pending.json",
".cleanup.json",
);
renameSync(this.currentRegistryFile, cleanupFile);
this.logger.debug(`Marked registry for cleanup: ${cleanupFile}`);
this.currentRegistryFile = null;
} catch (err) {
this.logger.warn(
`Failed to mark registry for cleanup: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}`,
);
}
}
}
private markTempDirForCleanup() {
if (!this.currentSketchDir) return;
const dir = this.currentSketchDir;
if (!existsSync(dir)) {
this.fileBuilder.clearCreatedSketchDir(dir);
this.currentSketchDir = null;
this.pendingCleanup = false;
return;
}
const cleaned = this.attemptCleanupDir(dir);
if (cleaned) {
this.fileBuilder.clearCreatedSketchDir(dir);
this.currentSketchDir = null;
this.pendingCleanup = false;
} else E{
this.scheduleCleanupRetry(dir);
}
}
private attemptCleanupDir(dir: string): boolean {
try {
const cleanupDir = dir + ".cleanup";
renameSync(dir, cleanupDir);
this.logger.debug(`Marked temp directory for cleanup: ${cleanupDir}`);
return true;
} catch (err) {
try {
rmSync(dir, {
recursive: true,
force: true,
maxRetries: 5,
retryDelay: 100,
});
this.logger.debug(`Removed temp directory directly: ${dir}`);
return true;
} catch (rmErr) {
this.logger.warn(
`Failed to mark temp directory for cleanup: ${err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)}; remove failed: ${rmErr instanceof Error ? rmErr.message : String(rmErr)}`,
);
return false;
}
}
}
private scheduleCleanupRetry(dir: string): void {
const attempts = (this.cleanupRetries.get(dir) ?? 0) + 1;
this.cleanupRetries.set(dir, attempts);
if (attempts > 8) return;
const delayMs = Math.min(200 + attempts * 150, 2000);
const timer = setTimeout(() => {
if (!existsSync(dir)) {
this.cleanupRetries.delete(dir);
this.fileBuilder.clearCreatedSketchDir(dir);
return;
}
const cleaned = this.attemptCleanupDir(dir);
if (cleaned) {
this.cleanupRetries.delete(dir);
this.fileBuilder.clearCreatedSketchDir(dir);
} else {
this.scheduleCleanupRetry(dir);
}
}, delayMs);
if (typeof timer.unref === "function") {
timer.unref();
}
}
setPinValue(pin: number, value: number) {
// Note: Use processKilled instead of process.killed since killed is true after any signal (including SIGSTOP/SIGCONT)
if ((this.isRunning || this.isPaused) && this.processController.hasProcess() && !this.processKilled) {
const command = `[[SET_PIN:${pin}:${value}]]\n`;
const success = this.processController.writeStdin(command);
if (!success) {
this.logger.warn(`[SET_PIN] stdin buffer full`);
}
this.logger.debug(`[SET_PIN] pin=${pin} value=${value}`);
} else {
this.logger.warn(
`[SET_PIN] Ignored - isRunning=${this.isRunning}, isPaused=${this.isPaused}, process=${this.processController.hasProcess()}, stdin=${this.processController.hasProcess()}, killed=${this.processKilled}`,
);
}
}
// Send output character by character with baudrate delay
private sendOutputWithDelay(
onOutput: (line: string, isComplete?: boolean) => void,
) {
// Stop if not running anymore
if (!this.isRunning) {
this.isSendingOutput = false;
return;
}
// If paused, stop sending but keep isSendingOutput flag
// This will be retriggered when new data arrives after resume
if (this.isPaused) {
this.isSendingOutput = false;
return;
}
if (this.outputBuffer.length === 0) {
this.isSendingOutput = false;
return;
}
this.isSendingOutput = true;
const char = this.outputBuffer[0];
this.outputBuffer = this.outputBuffer.slice(1);
// Check output size limit for sent bytes
this.totalOutputBytes += 1;
if (this.totalOutputBytes > SANDBOX_CONFIG.maxOutputBytes) {
this.stop();
// Don't send the char, stop instead
return;
}
// Send the character - mark as complete if it's a newline
const isNewline = char === "\n";
onOutput(char, isNewline);
// Calculate delay for next character
const charDelayMs = Math.max(1, (10 * 1000) / this.baudrate);
setTimeout(() => this.sendOutputWithDelay(onOutput), charDelayMs);
}
private scheduleErrorFlush(
onError: (line: string) => void,
onPinState?: (
pin: number,
type: "mode" | "value" | "pwm",
value: number,
) => void,
) {
// Similar to scheduleFlush but for errors
// For simplicity, just flush immediately for errors
if (this.errorBuffer.length > 0) {
const lines = this.errorBuffer.split(/\r?\n/);
this.errorBuffer = lines.pop() || "";
lines.forEach((line) => {
if (line.length === 0) return;
const parsed = this.stderrParser.parseStderrLine(line, this.processStartTime);
switch (parsed.type) {
case "pin_mode":
if (onPinState) {
onPinState(parsed.pin, "mode", parsed.mode);
}
break;
case "pin_value":
if (onPinState) {
onPinState(parsed.pin, "value", parsed.value);
}
break;
case "pin_pwm":
if (onPinState) {
onPinState(parsed.pin, "pwm", parsed.value);
}
break;
case "ignored":
// Debug markers - do nothing
break;
case "text":
onError(parsed.line);
break;
// Other types (registry, serial_event) shouldn't appear in error flush context
default:
break;
}
});
}
}
async stop(): Promise<void> {
this.transitionTo(SimulationState.STOPPED);
this.processKilled = true;
this.pendingCleanup = true;
// Stop and destroy PinStateBatcher
if (this.pinStateBatcher) {
this.pinStateBatcher.stop();
this.pinStateBatcher.destroy();
this.pinStateBatcher = null;
}
// Destroy SerialOutputBatcher WITHOUT flushing pending data.
// User-initiated stop should discard buffered data immediately.
// (Natural process exit uses batcher.stop() in the close handler to flush.)
if (this.serialOutputBatcher) {
this.serialOutputBatcher.destroy();
this.serialOutputBatcher = null;
}
// Stop telemetry reporting when simulation stops
this.registryManager.pauseTelemetry();
// Clear all callbacks for memory leak prevention
this.onOutputCallback = null;
this.outputCallback = null;
this.errorCallback = null;
this.telemetryCallback = null;
this.pinStateCallback = null;
this.ioRegistryCallback = undefined;
// Cleanup all manager timers (debounce, timeout, wait timers)
this.registryManager.reset(); // Clears debounce and wait timers
this.timeoutManager.clear(); // Clears timeout timer
// Destroy registry manager to prevent post-test logging
this.registryManager.destroy();
// Ask controller to hard-kill underlying process and destroy streams
this.processController.kill("SIGKILL");
this.processController.destroySockets();
// Also mark registry file for delayed cleanup when stopping manually
this.markRegistryForCleanup();
// Mark temp directory for delayed cleanup instead of immediate deletion
this.markTempDirForCleanup();
// Ensure all known sketch dirs are cleaned up (covers rapid stop during startup)
for (const dir of this.fileBuilder.getCreatedSketchDirs()) {
Iif (!existsSync(dir)) {
this.fileBuilder.clearCreatedSketchDir(dir);
continue;
}
const cleaned = this.attemptCleanupDir(dir);
if (cleaned) {
this.fileBuilder.clearCreatedSketchDir(dir);
} else E{
this.scheduleCleanupRetry(dir);
}
}
this.outputBuffer = "";
this.errorBuffer = "";
this.isSendingOutput = false;
Iif (this.flushTimer) {
clearTimeout(this.flushTimer);
this.flushTimer = null;
}
}
/* killProcessAndWait removed (unused) */
// Public method to check sandbox status
getSandboxStatus(): {
dockerAvailable: boolean;
dockerImageBuilt: boolean;
mode: string;
} {
this.ensureDockerChecked();
return {
dockerAvailable: this.dockerAvailable,
dockerImageBuilt: this.dockerImageBuilt,
mode:
this.dockerAvailable && this.dockerImageBuilt
? "docker-sandbox"
: "local-limited",
};
}
}
export const sandboxRunner = new SandboxRunner();
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