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import type {
CurriculumConcept,
CurriculumQuestion,
CurriculumScaffold,
CurriculumTopic,
} from "./curriculum-schema";
import { matchesFactRequirement, type SketchFacts } from "./sketch-facts";
import type { EffectiveTutorStrategy } from "../strategy/effective-tutor-strategy";
export interface DidacticBrief {
readonly topicId: string;
readonly topicTitle: string;
readonly conceptId: string;
readonly conceptTitle: string;
readonly objective: string;
readonly questionId: string;
readonly questionKind: CurriculumQuestion["kind"];
readonly indicatorId: string;
readonly indicator: string;
readonly question: string;
readonly misconceptions: readonly { id: string; description: string }[];
readonly strategyId?: string;
readonly scaffold?: { id: string; strategy: CurriculumScaffold["strategy"]; hint: string };
}
export interface LearningPlan {
readonly brief: DidacticBrief;
readonly contentRevision: string;
}
export interface LearningAdvanceOptions {
readonly difficulty: TutorDifficulty;
readonly strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy;
readonly phase?: "LEARN" | "DEEPEN" | "EXPAND";
readonly preferredQuestionKinds?: readonly CurriculumQuestion["kind"][];
readonly existingQuestionKinds?: readonly CurriculumQuestion["kind"][];
}
export interface LearningStartOptions {
readonly phase?: "LEARN" | "DEEPEN" | "EXPAND";
readonly preferredQuestionKinds?: readonly CurriculumQuestion["kind"][];
readonly existingQuestionKinds?: readonly CurriculumQuestion["kind"][];
}
export interface LearningPlanner {
start(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
revision: string,
facts: SketchFacts,
history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[],
difficulty: TutorDifficulty,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
options?: LearningStartOptions,
): LearningPlan | null;
advance(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
revision: string,
facts: SketchFacts,
history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[],
currentQuestion: string,
rating: TutorAnswerRating,
options: LearningAdvanceOptions,
): LearningPlan | null;
}
export type Observation = {
questionId: string;
conceptId: string;
indicatorId: string;
kind: CurriculumQuestion["kind"];
rating: TutorAnswerRating;
};
export type TopicClassification =
| { readonly status: "mastered"; readonly masteryDomain: readonly string[] }
| { readonly status: "probeable"; readonly masteryDomain: readonly string[]; readonly nextConceptId: string }
| { readonly status: "unresolved"; readonly masteryDomain: readonly string[] }
| { readonly status: "inapplicable"; readonly masteryDomain: readonly string[] };
export class DefaultLearningPlanner implements LearningPlanner {
start(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
revision: string,
facts: SketchFacts,
history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[],
difficulty: TutorDifficulty,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
options?: LearningStartOptions,
): LearningPlan | null {
const observations = collectObservations(topic, history);
const usedQuestionIds = collectUsedQuestionIds(topic, history);
if (options?.phase === "DEEPEN" || options?.phase === "EXPAND") {
const question = selectDeepeningQuestion({
topic,
facts,
usedQuestionIds,
difficulty,
strategy,
preferredKinds: options?.preferredQuestionKinds,
existingKinds: options?.existingQuestionKinds,
});
const concept = question ? topic.concepts.find(({ id }) => id === question.concept) : undefined;
return question && concept ? buildPlan(topic, revision, concept, question) : null;
}
const concept = selectNextConcept(topic, facts, observations, usedQuestionIds, undefined, strategy);
if (!concept) return null;
const question = selectQuestion(topic, concept, facts, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, undefined, strategy);
return question ? buildPlan(topic, revision, concept, question) : null;
}
advance(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
revision: string,
facts: SketchFacts,
history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[],
currentQuestion: string,
rating: TutorAnswerRating,
options: LearningAdvanceOptions,
): LearningPlan | null {
const { difficulty, strategy } = options;
const observations = collectObservations(topic, history);
const current = findQuestion(topic, currentQuestion, history);
if (!current) return null;
const allObservations = [...observations, {
questionId: current.question.id,
conceptId: current.question.concept,
indicatorId: current.question.indicator,
kind: current.question.kind,
rating,
}];
const usedQuestionIds = new Set([...collectUsedQuestionIds(topic, history), current.question.id]);
const concept = topic.concepts.find(({ id }) => id === current.question.concept);
Iif (!concept) return null;
if (options.phase === "DEEPEN" || options.phase === "EXPAND") {
const question = selectDeepeningQuestion({
topic,
facts,
usedQuestionIds,
difficulty,
strategy,
excludedId: current.question.id,
preferredKinds: options.preferredQuestionKinds,
existingKinds: options.existingQuestionKinds,
});
const target = question ? topic.concepts.find(({ id }) => id === question.concept) : undefined;
return question && target ? buildPlan(topic, revision, target, question) : null;
}
const next = selectAfterRating({ topic, facts, concept, currentQuestion: current.question, rating, observations: allObservations, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, strategy });
return next ? buildPlan(topic, revision, next.concept, next.question, next.scaffold) : null;
}
}
function buildPlan(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
revision: string,
concept: CurriculumConcept,
question: CurriculumQuestion,
scaffold?: CurriculumScaffold,
): LearningPlan {
const indicator = concept.indicators.find(({ id }) => id === question.indicator);
return {
contentRevision: revision,
brief: {
topicId: topic.id,
topicTitle: topic.title,
conceptId: concept.id,
conceptTitle: concept.title,
objective: concept.objective,
questionId: question.id,
questionKind: question.kind,
indicatorId: question.indicator,
indicator: indicator?.description ?? "",
question: question.text ?? question.template ?? "",
misconceptions: concept.misconceptions,
...(scaffold ? { scaffold: { id: scaffold.id, strategy: scaffold.strategy, hint: scaffold.hint } } : {}),
},
};
}
function collectUsedQuestionIds(topic: CurriculumTopic, history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[]): Set<string> {
const byText = new Map(topic.questions.flatMap((question) => question.text ? [[question.text, question.id] as const] : []));
const ids = history.flatMap((turn) => {
if (turn.questionId) return [turn.questionId];
const questionId = byText.get(turn.question);
return questionId ? [questionId] : [];
});
return new Set(ids);
}
function collectObservations(topic: CurriculumTopic, history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[]): Observation[] {
const byId = new Map(topic.questions.map((question) => [question.id, question]));
const byText = new Map(topic.questions.flatMap((question) => question.text ? [[question.text, question] as const] : []));
return history.flatMap((turn) => {
if (turn.answerRating === undefined) return [];
const question = (turn.questionId ? byId.get(turn.questionId) : undefined) ?? byText.get(turn.question);
return question ? [{ questionId: question.id, conceptId: question.concept, indicatorId: question.indicator, kind: question.kind, rating: turn.answerRating }] : [];
});
}
/**
* The Topic question being answered: by the question ID the dialog recorded for
* this question text, otherwise by its exact text.
*/
export function findCurriculumQuestion(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
currentQuestion: string,
history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[],
): CurriculumQuestion | null {
const questionId = history.find((turn) => turn.question === currentQuestion)?.questionId;
return (questionId ? topic.questions.find((candidate) => candidate.id === questionId) : undefined)
?? topic.questions.find((candidate) => candidate.text === currentQuestion)
?? null;
}
function findQuestion(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
currentQuestion: string,
history: readonly TutorDialogTurn[],
): { question: CurriculumQuestion } | null {
const question = findCurriculumQuestion(topic, currentQuestion, history);
return question ? { question } : null;
}
function selectNextConcept(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
facts: SketchFacts,
observations: readonly Observation[],
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
excludedConceptId?: string,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
): CurriculumConcept | null {
const mastery = new Map(topic.concepts.map((concept) => [concept.id, isMastered(concept, observations)]));
const order = [...topic.progression.entryConcepts, ...topic.progression.preferredOrder.filter((id) => !topic.progression.entryConcepts.includes(id))];
return order
.map((id) => topic.concepts.find((concept) => concept.id === id))
.filter((concept): concept is CurriculumConcept => concept !== undefined)
.find((concept) => concept.id !== excludedConceptId
&& !mastery.get(concept.id)
&& concept.prerequisites.every((id) => mastery.get(id) === true)
&& conceptHasQuestions(topic, concept, facts, usedQuestionIds, strategy)) ?? null;
}
type RatingSelectionContext = {
topic: CurriculumTopic;
facts: SketchFacts;
concept: CurriculumConcept;
currentQuestion: CurriculumQuestion;
rating: TutorAnswerRating;
observations: readonly Observation[];
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>;
difficulty: TutorDifficulty;
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy;
};
function selectAfterRating(context: RatingSelectionContext): { concept: CurriculumConcept; question: CurriculumQuestion; scaffold?: CurriculumScaffold } | null {
if (context.rating <= 2) return selectRemediation(context);
if (context.rating === 3) return selectClarification(context);
return selectAdvance(context);
}
function selectRemediation(context: RatingSelectionContext): { concept: CurriculumConcept; question: CurriculumQuestion; scaffold?: CurriculumScaffold } | null {
const { topic, facts, concept, currentQuestion, observations, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, strategy } = context;
const useContentScaffold = strategy === undefined || (
strategy.remediation === "scaffold-first"
&& strategy.hintFirst
&& strategy.scaffolding === "prefer-content"
);
const scaffold = useContentScaffold ? chooseScaffold(topic, concept.id, observations, usedQuestionIds) : undefined;
const scaffoldQuestion = scaffold ? topic.questions.find((question) => question.id === scaffold.nextQuestion) : undefined;
if (scaffoldQuestion && questionApplies(scaffoldQuestion, facts) && !usedQuestionIds.has(scaffoldQuestion.id)) {
const target = topic.concepts.find(({ id }) => id === scaffoldQuestion.concept);
Eif (target) return { concept: target, question: scaffoldQuestion, scaffold };
}
return chooseQuestionInConcept(topic, facts, concept, currentQuestion, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, context.strategy);
}
function selectClarification(context: RatingSelectionContext): { concept: CurriculumConcept; question: CurriculumQuestion } | null {
const { topic, facts, concept, currentQuestion, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, strategy } = context;
const indicatorQuestion = strategy?.clarification === "new-indicator"
? topic.questions.find((question) => question.concept === concept.id && question.indicator !== currentQuestion.indicator && questionApplies(question, facts) && !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id))
: topic.questions.find((question) => question.concept === concept.id && question.indicator === currentQuestion.indicator && questionApplies(question, facts) && !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id));
return indicatorQuestion ? { concept, question: indicatorQuestion } : chooseQuestionInConcept(topic, facts, concept, currentQuestion, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, strategy);
}
function selectAdvance(context: RatingSelectionContext): { concept: CurriculumConcept; question: CurriculumQuestion } | null {
const { topic, facts, concept, observations, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, strategy } = context;
const advanceImmediately = strategy?.progression === "advance-immediately";
const masteryProbe = advanceImmediately ? null : selectMasteryProbe(topic, facts, concept, observations, usedQuestionIds);
if (masteryProbe) return masteryProbe;
const nextConcept = selectNextConcept(topic, facts, observations, usedQuestionIds, advanceImmediately ? concept.id : undefined, strategy);
Iif (!nextConcept) return null;
const question = selectQuestion(topic, nextConcept, facts, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, undefined, context.strategy);
return question ? { concept: nextConcept, question } : null;
}
function selectMasteryProbe(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
facts: SketchFacts,
concept: CurriculumConcept,
observations: readonly Observation[],
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
): { concept: CurriculumConcept; question: CurriculumQuestion } | null {
if (isMastered(concept, observations)) return null;
const missing = concept.mastery.requiredIndicators.find((indicator) => !indicatorMastered(indicator, concept, observations));
const missingQuestion = topic.questions.find((question) => question.concept === concept.id && question.indicator === missing && questionApplies(question, facts) && !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id));
Iif (missingQuestion) return { concept, question: missingQuestion };
const consolidationQuestion = topic.questions.find((question) => question.concept === concept.id && questionApplies(question, facts) && !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id));
return consolidationQuestion ? { concept, question: consolidationQuestion } : null;
}
function chooseQuestionInConcept(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
facts: SketchFacts,
concept: CurriculumConcept,
currentQuestion: CurriculumQuestion,
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
difficulty: TutorDifficulty,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
): { concept: CurriculumConcept; question: CurriculumQuestion } | null {
const question = selectQuestion(topic, concept, facts, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, currentQuestion.id, strategy);
return question ? { concept, question } : null;
}
function selectQuestion(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
concept: CurriculumConcept,
facts: SketchFacts,
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
difficulty: TutorDifficulty,
excludedId?: string,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
): CurriculumQuestion | null {
const applicable = topic.questions.filter((question) => question.concept === concept.id && questionApplies(question, facts) && question.id !== excludedId);
const unused = applicable.filter((question) => !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id));
const candidates = unused.length > 0 || strategy?.repetition !== "relaxed" ? unused : applicable;
if (candidates.length === 0) return null;
return [...candidates].sort((left, right) => (
difficultyDistance(left, difficulty) - difficultyDistance(right, difficulty)
|| (strategy ? strategy.questionKindWeights[right.kind] - strategy.questionKindWeights[left.kind] : 0)
|| left.id.localeCompare(right.id)
))[0] ?? null;
}
function selectDeepeningQuestion({
topic,
facts,
usedQuestionIds,
difficulty,
strategy,
excludedId,
preferredKinds = [],
existingKinds = [],
}: {
readonly topic: CurriculumTopic;
readonly facts: SketchFacts;
readonly usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>;
readonly difficulty: TutorDifficulty;
readonly strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy;
readonly excludedId?: string;
readonly preferredKinds?: readonly CurriculumQuestion["kind"][];
readonly existingKinds?: readonly CurriculumQuestion["kind"][];
}): CurriculumQuestion | null {
const candidates = topic.questions.filter((question) =>
question.kind !== "recall"
&& questionApplies(question, facts)
&& question.id !== excludedId
&& !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id),
);
return [...candidates].sort((left, right) => (
Number(preferredKinds.includes(right.kind) && !existingKinds.includes(right.kind))
- Number(preferredKinds.includes(left.kind) && !existingKinds.includes(left.kind))
|| difficultyDistance(left, difficulty) - difficultyDistance(right, difficulty)
|| (strategy ? strategy.questionKindWeights[right.kind] - strategy.questionKindWeights[left.kind] : 0)
|| left.id.localeCompare(right.id)
))[0] ?? null;
}
function difficultyDistance(question: CurriculumQuestion, difficulty: TutorDifficulty): number {
const [min, max] = question.difficulty;
if (difficulty < min) return min - difficulty;
if (difficulty > max) return difficulty - max;
return 0;
}
function questionApplies(question: CurriculumQuestion, facts: SketchFacts): boolean {
return question.requires.every((requirement) => matchesFactRequirement(facts, requirement));
}
function conceptHasQuestions(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
concept: CurriculumConcept,
facts: SketchFacts,
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
): boolean {
const applicable = topic.questions.filter((question) => question.concept === concept.id && questionApplies(question, facts));
return applicable.some((question) => !usedQuestionIds.has(question.id))
|| (strategy?.repetition === "relaxed" && applicable.length > 0);
}
export function classifyTopic(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
facts: SketchFacts,
observations: readonly Observation[],
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
difficulty: TutorDifficulty,
strategy?: EffectiveTutorStrategy,
): TopicClassification {
const masteryDomain = topic.concepts
.filter((concept) => topic.questions.some((question) => question.concept === concept.id && questionApplies(question, facts)))
.map(({ id }) => id);
if (masteryDomain.length === 0) return { status: "inapplicable", masteryDomain };
const concepts = topic.concepts.filter(({ id }) => masteryDomain.includes(id));
if (concepts.every((concept) => isMastered(concept, observations))) {
return { status: "mastered", masteryDomain };
}
const nextConcept = selectNextConcept(topic, facts, observations, usedQuestionIds, undefined, strategy);
if (nextConcept && selectQuestion(topic, nextConcept, facts, usedQuestionIds, difficulty, undefined, strategy)) {
return { status: "probeable", masteryDomain, nextConceptId: nextConcept.id };
}
return { status: "unresolved", masteryDomain };
}
function chooseScaffold(
topic: CurriculumTopic,
conceptId: string,
observations: readonly Observation[],
usedQuestionIds: ReadonlySet<string>,
): CurriculumScaffold | undefined {
const ownObservations = observations.filter((observation) => observation.conceptId === conceptId);
let weakCount = 0;
for (const observation of [...ownObservations].reverse()) {
Iif (observation.rating > 2) break;
weakCount += 1;
}
const level = Math.min(3, Math.max(1, weakCount));
return [...topic.scaffolds]
.filter((scaffold) => scaffold.forConcept === conceptId && !usedQuestionIds.has(scaffold.nextQuestion))
.sort((left, right) => Math.abs(left.level - level) - Math.abs(right.level - level) || left.level - right.level)[0];
}
function indicatorMastered(indicatorId: string, concept: CurriculumConcept, observations: readonly Observation[]): boolean {
return observations.some((observation) => observation.conceptId === concept.id && observation.indicatorId === indicatorId && observation.rating >= concept.mastery.successRatingAtLeast);
}
function isMastered(concept: CurriculumConcept, observations: readonly Observation[]): boolean {
const own = observations.filter((observation) => observation.conceptId === concept.id);
const successful = own.filter((observation) => observation.rating >= concept.mastery.successRatingAtLeast);
const weakTrailing = [...own].reverse().findIndex((observation) => observation.rating > 2);
const recentWeakCount = weakTrailing < 0 ? own.length : weakTrailing;
return successful.length >= concept.mastery.minimumSuccessfulProbes
&& concept.mastery.requiredIndicators.every((indicator) => indicatorMastered(indicator, concept, observations))
&& new Set(successful.map((observation) => observation.kind)).size >= concept.mastery.minimumDistinctQuestionKinds
&& recentWeakCount <= concept.mastery.recentWeakAnswersAllowed;
}
export { buildPlan, collectObservations, isMastered, questionApplies, selectQuestion };
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